Annals of Diagnostic Pathology
Volume 12, Issue 4 , Pages 260-266 , August 2008

Cdx2, cytokeratin 20, thyroid transcription factor 1, and prostate-specific antigen expression in unusual subtypes of prostate cancer

  • Katia Ramos Moreira Leite, MD

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, Hospital Sirio Libanes, São Paulo 01308-050, Brazil
    • Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Urology—LIM 55, Medical School USP, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Rua Adma Jafet, 91, 01308-050 São Paulo, Brazil. Tel.: +55 11 3155 0249; fax: +55 11 3231 2249.
  • ,
  • Cristina A.T.S. Mitteldorf, MD

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, Hospital Sirio Libanes, São Paulo 01308-050, Brazil
  • ,
  • Miguel Srougi, MD

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Urology—LIM 55, Medical School USP, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
  • ,
  • Marcos F. Dall'Oglio, MD

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Urology—LIM 55, Medical School USP, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
  • ,
  • Alberto A. Antunes, MD

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Urology—LIM 55, Medical School USP, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
  • ,
  • José Pontes Jr, MD

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Urology—LIM 55, Medical School USP, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
  • ,
  • Luiz Heraldo Camara-Lopes, MD

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, Hospital Sirio Libanes, São Paulo 01308-050, Brazil

References 

  1. Copeland JN, Amin MB, Humphrey PA, Tamboli P, Ro JY, Gal AA. The morphologic spectrum of metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma to the lung: special emphasis on histologic features overlapping with other pulmonary neoplasms. Am J Clin Pathol. 2002;117:552–557
  2. Lee DW, Ro JY, Sahin AA, Lee JS, Ayala AG. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate with endobronchial metastasis. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990;94:641–645
  3. Ro JY, el-Naggar A, Ayala AG, Mody DR, Ordonez NG. Signet-ring-cell of the prostate. Electron-microsocopic and immunohistochemical studies of eight cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1988;12:453–460
  4. Skodras G, Wang J, Kragel PJ. Primary prostatic signet-ring cell carcinoma. Urology. 1993;42:338–342
  5. Komoshida S, Tsutsumi Y. Extraprostatic localization of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen: distribution in cloacogenic glandular epithelium and sex-dependent expression in human anal gland. Hum Pathol. 1990;21:1108–1115
  6. Van Krieken JH. Prostate marker immunoreactivity in salivary gland neoplasms. A rare pitfall in immunohistochemistry. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993;17:410–414
  7. Alanen KA, Kuopio T, Koskinen PJ, Nevalainen TJ. Immunohistochemical labelling for prostate specific antigen in non-prostatic tissues. Pathol Res Pratt. 1996;192:233–237
  8. Dennis JL, Hvidsten TR, Wit EC, Komorowski J, Bell AK, Downie I, et al. Markers of adenocarcinoma characteristic of the site origin: development of a diagnostic algorithm. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:3766–3772
  9. Li MK, Folpe AL. CDX-2 a new marker for adenocarcinoma of gastrointestinal origin. Adv Anat Pathol. 2004;11:101–105
  10. Tan D, Li Q, Deeb G, Ramnath N, Slocum HK, Brooks J, et al. Thyroid transcription factor-1 expression prevalence and its clinical implications in non-small cell lung cancer: a high-throughput tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry study. Hum Pathol. 2003;34(6):597–604
  11. Kaufmann O, Dietel M. Thyroid transcription factor-1 is the superior immunohistochemical marker for pulmonary adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas compared to surfactant proteins A and B. Histopathology. 2000;36(1):8–16
  12. Reis-Filho JS, Carrilho C, Valenti C, Leitao D, Ribeiro CA, Ribeiro SG, et al. Is TTF1 a good immunohistochemical marker to distinguish primary from metastatic lung adenocarcinomas?. Pathol Res Pract. 2000;196:835–840
  13. Schaafsma HE, Ramaekers FCS. Cytokeratin subtyping in normal and neoplastic epithelium: basic principles in diagnostic applications. Pathol Annu. 1994;29:21–62
  14. Loy TS, Calaluce RD, Keeney GL. Cytokeratin immunostaining in differentiating primary ovarian carcinoma from metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol. 1996;9:1040–1044
  15. Hara M, Kimura H. Two prostate-specific antigens, gamma-seminoprotein and beta-microseminoprotein. J Lab Clin Med. 1989;113:541–548
  16. Varma M, Berney DM, Jasani B, Rhodes A. Technical variations in prostatic immunohistochemistry: need for standardisation and stringent quality assurance in PSA and PSAP immunostaining. J Clin Pathol. 2004;57:687–690
  17. Varma M, Morgan M, Jasani B, Tamboli P, Amin MB. Polyclonal anti-PSA is more sensitive but less specific than monoclonal anti-PSA. Implications for diagnostic prostatic pathology. Am J Clin Pathol. 2002;118:202–207
  18. Goldstein NS. Immunophenotypic characterization of 225 prostate adenocarcinomas with intermediate or high Gleason scores. Am J Clin Pathol. 2002;1171:471–477
  19. Oesterling JE. Prostate specific antigen: a critical assessment of the most useful tumor marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J Urol. 1991;145:907–923
  20. Epstein JI. PSA and PAP as immunohistochemical markers in prostate cancer. Urol Clin North Am. 1993;20:757–770
  21. Bodey B, Bodey B, Kaiser HE. Immunocytochemical detection of prostate specific antigen expression in human breast carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res. 1997;17:2577–2581
  22. Holmes GF, Eisele DW, Rosenthal D, Westra WH. PSA immunoreactivity in a parotid oncocytoma: a diagnostic pitfall in discriminating primary parotid neoplasms from metastatic prostate cancer. Diagn Cytopathol. 1998;19:221–225
  23. Yam LT, Janckila AJ, Lam WK, Li CY. Immunohistochemistry of prostatic acid phosphatase. Prostate. 1981;2:97–107
  24. James GK, Pudek M, Berean KW, Diamandis EP, Archibald BI. Salivary duct carcinoma secreting prostate-specific antigen. Am J Clin Pathol. 1996;106:242–247
  25. Varma M, Jasani B. Diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry in morphologically difficult prostate cancer: review of current literature. Histopathology. 2005;47:1–16
  26. Mai KT, Collins JP, Veinot JP. Prostatic adenocarcinoma with urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma features. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2002;10:231–236
  27. Ro JY, Ayala AG, Wishnow KI, Ordonez NG. Prostatic duct adenocarcinoma with endometrioid features: immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1988;5:301–311
  28. Epstein J, Allsbrook WC, Amin MB, Egevad LL and the ISUP Grading Committee. The 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Gleason Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29:1228–1242
  29. Grignon DJ. Unusual subtypes of prostate cancer. Mod Pathol. 2004;17:316–327
  30. Saito S, Iwaki H. Mucin-producing carcinoma of the prostate: review of 88 cases. Urology. 1999;54:141–144
  31. Lee DW, Ro JY, Sahin AA, Lee JS, Ayala AG. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate with endobronchial metastasis. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990;94:641–645
  32. Gentile PS, Carloss HW, Huang TY, Yam LT, Lam WK. Disseminated prostatic carcinoma simulating primary lung cancer. indications for immunodiagnostic studies. Cancer. 1988;62:711–715
  33. Bohinski RJ, Bejarano PA, Balko G, Warnick RE, Whitsett JA. Determination of lung as the primary site of cerebral metastatic adenocarcinomas using monoclonal antibody to thyroid transcription factor-1. J Neurooncol. 1998;40:227–231
  34. Agoff SN, Lamps LW, Philip AT, Amin MB, Schmidt RA, True LD, et al. Thyroid transcription factor-l is expressed in extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas but not in other extrapulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Mod Pathol. 2000;13:238–242
  35. Moskaluk CA, Zhang H, Powell SM, Cerilli LA, Hampton GM, Frierson HF. CDX2 protein expression in normal and malignant human tissues: an immunohistochemical survey using tissue microarrays. Mod Pathol. 2003;16:913–1219
  36. Groisman GM, Bernheim J, Halpern M, Brazowsky E, Meir A. Expression of the intestinal marker Cdx2 in secondary adenocarcinomas of the colorectum. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2005;129:920–923
  37. Rossi G, Murer B, Cavazza A, Losi L, Natali P, Marchioni A, et al. Primary mucinous (so-called colloid) carcinomas of the lung: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study with special reference to CDX-2 homeobox gene and MUC2 expression. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;442–452
  38. Herawi M, De Marzo AM, Kristiansen G, Epstein JI. Expression of CDX2 in benign tissue and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Hum Pathol. 2007;38:72–78

PII: S1092-9134(07)00178-5

doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2007.11.001

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology
Volume 12, Issue 4 , Pages 260-266 , August 2008